William JamesSigmund FreudClassics in the History of Psychology

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Christopher D. Green
York University, Toronto, Canada
ISSN 1492-3173

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Last updated 3 February 2006.

19th- & 20th-Century Psychology

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Ancient Thought

Plato. (ca. 360 BC). Timaeus (B. Jowett, Trans.)

Aristotle. (ca. 350 BC). De anima (J. A. Smith, Trans.)

Aristotle. (ca. 350 BC). On memory and reminiscence (J. I. Beare, Trans.)

For additional works by the Presocratics, Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Euclid, Lucretius, Epictetus, Galen, Plotinus, and Augustine, see the Links to Documents at Other Sites page.

Medieval & Renaissance Thought

For works by Aquinas, Roger Bacon, Pico, and Machiavelli see the Links to Documents at Other Sites page.

Modern Philosophical Thought

Berkeley, George. (1732). An essay towards a new theory of vision (4th ed.). (First edition published 1709).

Bowen, Francis. (1860). Remarks on the latest form of the development theory. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, n.s., VIII, pp. 98-107, communicated March 27, April 10 and May 1, 1860. Reprinted in G. Daniels (Ed.) (1968). Darwinism comes to America. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell, pp. 66-74.

McCosh, James. (1874). Religious aspects of the doctrine of development. In P. Schaff & S. Prime (Eds.). History, essays, orations, and other documents of the sixth general conference of the Evangelical Alliance, held in New York, October 2-12, 1873, New York, pp. 269-271. Reprinted in G. Daniels (Ed.) (1968). Darwinism comes to America. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell, pp. 96-101.

Herbart, J. F. (1877). Possibility and necessity of applying mathematics in psychology (H. Haanel, Trans.). Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 11, 251-264.

Fiske, John. (1902). Herbert Spencer's service to religion. Essays Historical and Literary, New York, II, pp. 232-237. Reprinted in G. Daniels (Ed.) (1968). Darwinism comes to America. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell, pp. 106-110.

Royce, Josiah. (1902). Recent logical inquiries and their psychological bearings. Psychological Review, 9, 105-133. [Royce's APA Presidential Address about the potential impact of then-recent developments in the philosophy of mathematics for the psychology of thinking.]

Stumpf, Carl. (1930). Autobiography of Carl Stumpf. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp. 389-441). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press. [The great German psychologist's summary of his life's work.]

Titchener, E. B. (1921). Brentano and Wundt: Empirical and experimental psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 32, 108-120.

Creighton, J. E. (1902). The purposes of a philosophical association. Philosophical Review, 11, 219-237.

For additional works by Descartes, Hobbes, Pascal, Locke, Leibniz, Spinoza, Berkeley, Voltaire, Hume, Smith, Malthus, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Mill, Brentano, Mach, Peirce, James, Dewey, Husserl, Russell, Mead, and Merleau-Ponty see the Links to Documents at Other Sites page.

American Psychological Association

American Psychological Association. (1894). Proceedings of the Preliminay Meeting (1892), the First Annual Meeting (1892), and the Second Annual Meeting (1893).

Münsterberg, Hugo. (1899). Psychology and history. Psychological Review, 6, 1-31. [1898 APA Presidential Address.]

Royce, Josiah. (1902). Recent logical inquiries and their psychological bearings. Psychological Review, 9, 105-133. [1902 APA Presidential Address.]

Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1906). A reconciliation between structural and functional psychology. Psychological Review, 8, 61-81. [1905 APA Presidential Address.]

Angell, James Rowland. (1907). The province of functional psychology. Psychological Review, 14, 61-91. [1906 APA Presidential Address.]

Washburn, Margaret Floy. (1922). Introspection as an objective method. Psychological Review, 29, 89-112. [1921 APA Presidential Address.]

Boring, Edwin G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological Review, 36, 97-121. [1928 APA Presidential Address.]

Lashley, Karl S. (1930). Basic neural mechanisms in behavior. Psychological Review, 37, 1-24. [1929 APA Presidential Address.]

Fernberger, Samuel W. (1932). The American Psychological Association: A historical summary, 1892-1930. Psychological Bulletin, 29, 1-89.

Thurstone, L. L. (1934). The vectors of mind. Psychological Review, 41, 1-32. [1933 APA Presidential Address.]

Allport, Gordon W. (1940). The psychologist's frame of reference. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 1-28. [1939 APA Presidential Address.]

Cattell, James McKeen. (1943). The founding of the Association and of the Hopkins and Clark Laboratories. Psychological Review, 50, 61-64.

Fernberger, Samuel W. (1943). The American Psychological Association 1892-1942. Psychological Review, 50, 33-60.

Guthrie, Edwin R. (1946). Psychological facts and psychological theory. Psychological Bulletin, 43, 1-20. [1945 APA Presidential address.]

American Psychological Association. (1947). Recommended graduate training program in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539-558. [The report that proposed the so-called "Boulder Model".]

Rogers, Carl R.. (1947). Some observations on the organization of personality. American Psychologist, 2, 358-368. [1947 APA Presidential Adrress.]

Cronbach, Lee J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 12, 671-684. [1957 APA Presidential Address.]

Harlow, Harry F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573-685. [1958 APA Presidential Address.]

Köhler, Wolfgang. (1959). Gestalt psychology today. American Psychologist, 14, 727-734. [1959 APA Presidential Address.]

Behaviorism

Watson, John B. (1907). Studying the mind of animals. The World Today, 12, 421-426. [A rare, early, popular statement of functionalism by the "founder" of behaviourism.]

Yerkes, Robert M. & Dodson, John D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.

Yerkes, Robert M. & Morgulis, Sergius. (1909). The method of Pawlow in animal psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 6, 257-273.

Thorndike, Edward L. (1911). Animal intelligence.

Dunlap, Knight. (1912). The case against introspection. Psychological Review, 19, 404-413.

Watson, John B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177

Titchener, Edward B. (1914). On "Psychology as the behaviorist views it". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 53, 1-17.

Watson, John B. (1916). Behavior and the concept of mental disease. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 13, 589-597.

Watson, John B. (1920). Is thinking merely the action of language mechanisms? British Journal of Psychology, 11, 87-104.

Watson, John B. & Rayner, Rosalie. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

Washburn, Margaret Floy. (1922). Introspection as an objective method. Psychological Review, 29, 89-112.

Tolman, Edward C. (1922). A new formula for behaviorism. Psychological Review, 29, 44-53.

Lashley, Karl S. (1923). The behavioristic interpretation of consciousness. Psychological Bulletin, 30, 237-272, 329-353.

Jones, Mary Cover. (1924). A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. Pedagogical Seminary, 31, 308-315.

Pavlov, Ivan P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex (G. V. Anrep, Trans.). (Original work published 1927)

Watson, John B. & MacDougall,[1] William. (1929). The battle of behaviorism: An exposition and an exposure.

Lashley, Karl S. (1930). Basic neural mechanisms in behavior. Psychological Review, 37, 1-24.

Morgan, C. Lloyd. (1930). Autobiography of C. Lloyd Morgan. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp. 237-264). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Yerkes, Robert M. (1930). Autobiography of Robert M. Yerkes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp. 381-407). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Hull, Clark L. (1934a). The concept of the habit-family hierarchy and maze learning: Part I. Psychological Review, 41, 33-54.

Hull, Clark L. (1934b). The concept of the habit-family hierarchy and maze learning: Part II. Psychological Review, 41, 134-152.

Hull, Clark L. (1935). The conflicting psychologies of learning -- A way out. Psychological Review, 42, 491-516.

Jastrow, Joseph. (1935). Has psychology failed? American Scholar, 4, 261-269.

Skinner, B. F. (1935). Two types of conditioned reflex and a pseudo type. Journal of General Psychology, 12, 66-77.

Konorski, J. & Miller, S. (1937). On two types of conditioned reflex. Journal of General Psychology, 16, 264-272.

Skinner, B. F. (1937). Two types of conditioned reflex: A reply to Konorski and Miller. Journal of General Psychology, 16, 272-279.

Guthrie, Edwin R. (1946). Psychological facts and psychological theory. Psychological Bulletin, 43, 1-20.

Skinner, B. F. (1948). 'Superstition' in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168-172.

Tolman, Edward, C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55(4), 189-208.

Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57, 193-216.

Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the C.N.S. (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62, 243-254.

Harlow, Harry F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573-685.

Breland, Keller & Breland, Marian. (1961). The misbehavior of organisms. American Psychologist, 16, 681-684.

Cognition

Menabrea, Luigi F. (1842/1843). Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage, Esq. (A.A. Lovelace, Trans.). Scientific Memoirs, 3, 666-731. (Original work published 1842 in Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève, No. 82)

Lovelace, Ada. (1843). Notes by the translator [to L.F. Menabrea's "Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage, Esq."]. Scientific Memoirs, 3, 666-731.

Galton, Francis. (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind, 5, 301-318.

Ebbinghaus, Hermann. (1885/1913). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Henry A. Ruger & Clara E. Bussenius, Trans.). (Originally published 1885)

  • Introduction to Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) by Robert H. Wozniak.

Jastrow, Joseph.. (1891). A study in mental statistics. New Review, 5, 559-568.

Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1896). Association: An essay analytic and experimental. Psychological Review Monographs Supplement, 1 (2).

Royce, Josiah. (1902). Recent logical inquiries and their psychological bearings. Psychological Review, 9, 105-133. [Royce's APA Presidential Address about the potential impact of recent development in the philosophy of mathematics for the psychology of thinking.]

Münsterberg, Hugo. (1908/1925). On the witness stand.

Münsterberg, Hugo. (1913). Psychology and industrial efficiency.

Stroop, J. Ridley. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.

Thouless, Robert H. (1935). The tendency to certainty in religious belief. British Journal of Psychology, 26, 16-31. [This .pdf version thanks to Burke Brown, U. Toronto.]

Heider, Fritz. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. Journal of Psychology, 21, 107-112.

Bruner, Jerome S. & Goodman, Cecile C. (1947). Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.

Bruner, Jerome S. & Postman, Leo. (1949). On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm. Journal of Personality, 18, 206-223.

Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the C.N.S. (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62, 243-254.

Miller, George A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.

Developmental Theory

Darwin, Charles. (1877). A biographical sketch of an infant. Mind, 2, 285-294.

Hall, G. Stanley. (1904). Adolescent girls and their education. From Adolescence: Its psychology and its relations to physiology, anthropology, sociology, sex, crime, religion, and education (Vol. 2, Chapter 17).

Binet, Alfred. (1905/1916). New methods for the diagnosis of the intellectual level of subnormals. In E. S. Kite (Trans.), The development of intelligence in children. Vineland, NJ: Publications of the Training School at Vineland. (Originally published 1905 in L'Année Psychologique, 12, 191-244.)

  • Introduction to Binet (1905/1916) by Henry L. Minton.
  • Commentary on Binet (1905/1916) and Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton

Witmer, Lightner. (1907). Clinical psychology. Psychological Clinic, 1, 1-9.

Thorndike, Edward L. (1910). The contribution of psychology to education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12.

Terman, Lewis M. (1916). The uses of intelligence tests. From The measurement of intelligence (chapter 1). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

  • Introduction to Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton.
  • Commentary on Binet (1905/1916) and Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton.

Watson, John B. & Rayner, Rosalie. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

Baldwin, James Mark. (1930). Autobiography of James Mark Baldwin. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp. 1-30). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Clark, Kenneth B. & Clark, Mamie K. (1939). The development of consciousness of self and the emergence of racial identification in negro preschool children. Journal of Social Psychology, S.P.S.S.I. Bulletin, 10, 591-599.

Clark, Kenneth B. & Clark, Mamie K. (1940). Skin color as a factor in racial identification of negro preschool children. Journal of Social Psychology, S.P.S.S.I. Bulletin, 11, 159-169.

Bruner, Jerome S. & Goodman, Cecile C. (1947). Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.

Sherif, Muzafer, Harvey, O. J., White, B. Jack, Hood, William R., & Sherif, Carolyn W. (1954/1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment.

Harlow, Harry F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573-685.

Bandura, Albert, Ross, Dorothea, & Ross, Sheila A. (1961). Transmisssion of aggressions through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582.

Evolutionary Theory

Gray, Asa. (1860). [Review of] The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. American Journal of Science and Arts (March). Reprinted in 1876 in Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism. [A review by Harvard's professor of Natural history, and Darwin's greatest defender in North America.]

Bowen, Francis. (1860). Remarks on the latest form of the development theory. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, n.s., VIII, pp. 98-107, communicated March 27, April 10 and May 1, 1860. Reprinted in G. Daniels (Ed.) (1968). Darwinism comes to America. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell, pp. 66-74.

Galton, Francis. (1865). Hereditary talent and character. Macmillan's Magazine, 12, 157-166, 318-327.

  • Introduction to Galton's Hereditary genius (1869) by Robert H. Wozniak.

Wright, Chauncey. (1870). Limits of natural selection. North American Review (October).